Mythbusting: What Addiction Really Is (and Isn’t)

When it comes to addiction, there’s no shortage of myths. Some of these ideas have been around for decades, shaping the way society treats people who use drugs. But when you look at the science — and listen to the voices of people with lived experience — a different picture emerges.

Myth #1: Addiction is a choice

One of the most damaging misconceptions is that addiction comes down to willpower. If someone “really wanted to,” they could just stop.

But neuroscience tells a different story. Addiction changes the brain. Substances like opioids, alcohol, and stimulants disrupt the brain’s reward circuitry, flooding it with dopamine. Over time, the brain adapts — everyday pleasures like food, relationships, or hobbies no longer feel rewarding, while cravings for the substance grow stronger.

Yes, the first use of a drug may be a choice, but once dependence develops, that choice is profoundly constrained by biology, psychology, and environment.

Myth #2: “Addicts” are morally weak or selfish

Stigma paints people who use drugs as reckless, irresponsible, or even dangerous. This narrative makes it easier to blame individuals rather than look at systemic factors like trauma, poverty, or lack of access to healthcare.

In reality, addiction is often rooted in adversity. Studies show that people who experience childhood trauma are significantly more likely to develop substance use disorders. Others turn to substances as a way of coping with mental illness, isolation, or chronic stress.

Far from being selfish, many people struggling with addiction carry deep shame. They already feel they’re letting down their families, communities, or themselves. Shaming them further only drives them deeper into isolation — and further from recovery.

Myth #3: Treatment doesn’t work

It’s true that recovery is rarely straightforward. Relapse rates for substance use disorders are estimated at 40–60%. But here’s the important context: that’s the same range as other chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension. Nobody says insulin “doesn’t work” because some people relapse into unhealthy habits — yet addiction treatment is often judged by harsher standards.

Evidence-based treatments do work. Medication-assisted treatment (like methadone or buprenorphine) significantly reduces overdose deaths. Behavioral therapies help people learn new coping strategies. And harm reduction approaches — like safe consumption sites — keep people alive long enough to reach recovery.

Recovery isn’t a single moment. It’s a long-term process, and every step forward matters.

Why these myths matter

The stories we tell about addiction shape public policy, healthcare systems, and even how families respond to loved ones. If we see addiction as a moral failing, we punish. If we see it as a health condition, we treat.

The good news is that perspectives are changing. More communities are recognizing the importance of harm reduction, trauma-informed care, and compassionate support. Breaking down myths is part of making that shift possible.

Because at the end of the day, people struggling with addiction don’t need more judgment. They need understanding, access to care, and the belief that healing is possible.

If you or someone you know is struggling, we can connect you with trained counselors and local support services. Reach out through our Contact page to start the conversation.